If he listened to Hosea, hit the bank at once, then vanished, the Pinkertons would have never caught on and they would be harvesting mango's in Tahiti (poor Arthur would have still died :( from TB). i think rdr2 is genuinely the best game i’ve ever played. Besides the aforementioned items, you will also find a man. Inside bank of Saint Denis in RDR2 Online. Bayou Nwa is a constituent region of the Lemoyne territory in Red Dead Redemption 2 and Red Dead Online. 4 ghz. Cigarette Card 0. To begin the mission, you must speak with the man located in the northern part of Saint Denis, near the river bank. After killing Angelo Bronte in the mission "Revenge is a Dish Best Eaten," Dutch comes up with the plan to rob the bank in Saint Denis, which should give the entire group enough money to move to Tahiti and escape the law. You, you, you twist words… you lie shamelessly… you think you are better than everyone else… Angelo Bronte, A Man of Honor is a mission in Red Dead Redemption 2. Denis saying “Howdy Mister!” to everybody. . Woody in RDR2 [video by eli_handle_b. Rhodes is a small town located a bit west of Saint-Denis. Once close, the location of the stranger will be marked on the map. When you reach the third floor, enter unarmed and talk to the guard there for a bit (and get closer to him), when you have a chance (before he shoots), knock him out. October 25, 2018 by PowerPyx 3 Comments. Locate the arches with metal doors nearby and proceed until you find an area with a chair and a few barrels. Yada1728. RIP you crotchety old bastard. To successfully execute a heist, follow these steps: 1. While in camp at Clemens Point, Bill asks Arthur to speak with him. Is there a bank in Saint Denis rdr2? The Lemoyne National Bank is a building in Red Dead Redemption 2. There are two main ways to discover the Gunsmith's backroom business: Overhear NPCs in St. When you die you lose all the money you had in your pockets. As the Van der Linde gang tries to flee via the rooftops, Lenny is shot and killed by the Pinkertons. I think the problem with this is, in Red dead, you really couldn’t live in a cottage out in a house in the woods, especially as story mode most likely has someone already living there. Dutch somehow thinks it is a good idea to rob the bank in Saint Denis, which ends up causing two unexpected deaths in RDR2. The Lemoyne National Bank is a building in Red Dead Redemption 2. upvotes. Infinite loading screen everywhere almost. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Our RDR1 Interactive Map is now available! Follow. ️Thanks for watching and don't forget to SUBSCRIBE 👊 ️Follow me on Instagram @justcad5150 👊📢Join my discord server:PC MODS. one telegraph message later and the entire pinkerton army could know the gang is coming to saint denis to rob the bank. Urban Pleasures is a mission in Red Dead Redemption 2. It can be played in the town Saint Denis in a park, see the location below: During some story chapters you can also play it in your gang’s camp but this won’t always be available. can be pretty time consuming, but we promise it's worth it. Saint Denis Bank Heist episode in Red Dead Redemption 2. The Mercies of Knowledge is available right after completing The Joys of Civilization story mission at the beginning of Chapter 4. The gang attend a party hosted by the Mayor of Saint Denis. You have to go northeast of Heartland Oil Fields. [deleted] • 2 yr. Ben-Carroll • 3 yr. Eminem Jan 13, 2020 @ 2:09pm. [July 13, 2021] – New Content in Red Dead OnlineRed Dead Online expands with Blood Money, including new missions called Crimes and Opportunities. (maybe Charles in the Saint Denis Bank Robbery) So, IMO, Charles lived a peacefull life and Sadie either died. 2 Chapter 4: Saint Denis – Mission Chart; 3 Get Ready To Rob The Bank. 3. . 1 / 6. I had this exact same one happen to me about a year back when I was on my first playthrough. Red Dead Online Update! Saint Denis Bank Heist! - Red Dead Redemption 2Want More Red Dead Redemption 2 Videos? For More RDR2 Secrets, RDR2 Easter Eggs, RDR2. We host 1 file ( RDR2_Save-1950-0-1674313430. This has happened to me multiple times. Get a tip from an NPC you rescued in a Random Encounter. Arthur will take part in bank robberies as part of the game's story, but, if players are feeling brave enough then they can also rob banks by themselves. You can get one for free in Chapter 4 easy. I looted the safe and everything. Localisation Secret braquage De l'armurier De Saint-Denis Solution Secret braquage De l'armurier De Saint-Denis Braquage Armurier Secret Localisation Armurie. post-ironic-irony •. Molly confesses to telling the Pinkertons about the Saint Denis bank job, but when you confront Milton later he says that Molly told them nothing and Micah was the real traitor. Kill em all!!!! Get the dynamite! And my axe!!! And me mallet! And went on to make the entire police force go extinct afterwards from the looks of it also the amount of bounty hunters looks a bit weird. Vampire Graffiti 2. Bank Robberies. You can actually pick it up but sadly it doesn't have any effect on your RDR2 Online cash balance. Denis but sadly the teller just ran away and I got gunned down by the law. Speak with the man locked in the gunsmith's basement. It’s kinda funny though as much as it is creepy. So it's safe to do all of chapter 4's missions up until the bank robbery? #7. 0. Celina hop. Towns like Saint Denis and Valentine are completely unideal for this criminal act, as the potential for witnesses is incredibly high. Bank robberies in RDR2 are a complex and rewarding aspect of the game. It features cobbled streets with gas streetlamps, the earliest mass-produced automobiles,. I think I found him. Head through the stone archeway across from the south wall of the Cathedral, then. Remember Micah was the only one wearing white during the Saint Denis bank heist, I’d like to believe it’s a hint to Micah being the rat and the odd one out Reply bamaboy3883 • Additional comment actions. There are literally side by side shots of places in New Orleans and Saint Denis. Vest: Richfield Vest - color isn't available, should be dark blue. Red Dead Redemption 2. He fell when a bank robbery in Saint Denis went sideways. It would be a logical thing to assume they would go and try to rob a bank. I tried to rob the bank in St. *Game description* Winner of over 175 Game of the Year Awards and recipient of over 250 pe. Crashing in saint denis bank robbery mission . 6K votes, 45 comments. Meaning, she somehow was responsible for. Norris Forsythe can be encountered on the streets of Saint Denis. I'm replaying rdr2, this time actually putting effort into extra stuff like hunting, upgrades etc rather than just doing the story. New bug for you, Saint Denis bank is very broken. A yellow, wooden train station sits on a platform. Yes there is - it's the corner poker bar saloon that you meet Dutch outside of when you first arrive / ask the bartender for information about when searching for Bronte. Red Dead Redemption 2 is a 2018 action-adventure game developed and…The Saint Denis bank heist with everyone replaced with a female character. 5K. It's possible that Micah had made contact with the pinkertons before guarma, but if we believe what milton tells us in chapter 6, then that rules Micah out. However, Pearson seems to be locked and missing. Walkthrough: A new day, a new heist for Dutch's gang. The Saint Denis stockyard workers do NOT play around, that first feller apparently did not appreciate me getting in his buddies face. The mod. I’ve always felt like RDR2 map was a little cramped. Red Dead Redemption 2. 7k more updated Nov 21, 2018 Banking, the Old American Art is a Main Story. Pointing out how diverse, even a Southern city like NOLA woulda been at the turn of the 20th century, stares the whole nativist, white nationalism, pining for the "good old days" narrative on its face. It was later found that John's model in the Epilogue was. • 2 yr. When you find his laboratory, it looks almost identical to a real, historical. Red Dead Redemption Red Dead Open world Action-adventure game Third-person shooter Gaming Shooter game. -John is the only Gang member arrested in the Bank shootout. It is located in Saint Denis and its property also includes a graveyard. Enjoy the lush meadows and southern climate of Lemoyne's countryside, or take in the lights in the cultural city of Saint Denis. For some passive entertainment, players can head to the ornate theater and watch. The only mod I have is a trainer. He sells tonics and cures to the player. The Department's police chief during the events of Red Dead Redemption 2 is Benjamin Lambert. 3. Lemoyne National Bank mission bug. r/RedDeadOnline. Dec 6, 2019 - Explore Jonny Noaccount's board "Saint denis" on Pinterest. 2. . She somehow slips away completely unharmed while Hosea gets caught. You will find layouts of buildings across the map and it includes the paths and train tracks from RDR2. I've beaten the story. i think rdr2 is genuinely the best game i’ve ever played. Guarma could have been the best chapter in the game if 90% of its content had not been deleted, which revolves around treasures, secrets, hunting ordinary and legendary animals, side missions, and main missions, without forgetting the ability to return to it after completing Chapter 5. This robbery is doable without getting a bounty on your. ago. Reddit community for discussing and sharing content relating to Red Dead Redemption 2 & Red Dead Online. It's not even unplayable FPS in there. Now you can force them to open the vault, after which you can silently crack or blow open the safes containing lootable money and gold! All 5 banks in the game are supported: -. r/reddeadredemption. Rockstar Games is known for amazingly detailed cities , and they flex their design muscles by showing players what New Orleans was like in the 1890s. I've tried investigating the back room like you should notmally. There’s actually three different alley mugging encounters in Saint Denis. A gang of criminals, dissidents and free-thinkers who have chosen to reject a corrupt system of power and live instead by their own code. It's the Pinkerton DETECTIVE agency, they could have just followed someone from the gang and pick up something they weren't supposed to hear. Take a step closer to the store owner and point your rifle in his direction. Born to an African American father and a Native American mother, Smith became one of the most recent additions to the Van der Linde gang, joining roughly 6-7 months before the events of the game. That's if you make it through the foreboding marshland and Bayou Nwa. When you enter Lemoyne National Bank in Saint Denis, near the. Meanwhile, Dutch van der Linde and Hosea Matthews are also planning a bank heist in Saint Denis. Informing Arthur that him and Karen have planned to rob the bank in Valentine, Bill tells. He’s usually found in the backyard by the stables. asi" in the root folder of your Red Dead Redemption 2 game directory. To get started, visit Guido Martelli in Saint Denis. I'm a little confused re: "the rat". Speak with the man locked in the gunsmith's basement. Denis telepathic army on you, this game was definitely overrated in a lot of ways. Intro completed (the snowy mountains) save the file. . One of the more well-loved new characters in Red Dead Redemption 2 thanks to one memorable mission, Lenny dies in the Saint Denis' bank heist. SirDiego • 5 yr. – Rhodes Bank. If you play your cards right, you can even finish the whole thing without getting any bounty. Step 3: Found the Butcher and General Store yet? If you have, head back there now. Fence Locations and Unlock Guide - Sell Jewelry, Gold Bars, Stage Coaches, and other Valuables. . In order to perform it, you’ll have to open the locked metal door in the back of the shop. Coat: Shotgun Coat - color isn't available, should be black. Not a cave. All eleven male members of the Doolin-Dalton gang met violent deaths, and a similarly large number is ultimately true for those in the Van der Linde gang. The graffiti is located on a building opposite the saloon, across the road. Mission ObjectivesLocated in Saint Denis, Bayou Nwa, Lemoyne, you will find the Saint Denis Cigarette Card which is part of the Vistas of America Card Set. Dutch van der Linde led two distinct groups of outlaws across the Red Dead series. It's at the intersection just north of the D in Saint Denis if you're looking at the map. During a cutscene the stagecoach will be destroyed, forcing you to continue on foot. It must take a percentage of what you have on you, lol. But how did the Pinkertons know about this planned robbery?Anthony Foreman: Radley's House in Rhodes or Doyle's Tavern in Saint Denis Sean Macguire: Tall Trees or Great Plains James Langton: Hennigan's Stead or Lake Don Julio Joe: Osman Grove, New Hanover. The voice lines are used from the main story campaign where you rob a bank. After completing that mission all the side ones at camp disappeared. . There is a police officer that spawns inside the bank and always catches you even when you do it silently. Also look out for rotting animal carcasses. According to Bronte's information, the trolley station in Saint Denis has a lot of money. You’ll be visiting the city of Saint Denis during Chapter 4. Fun Fact #5837: Killing rats in Saint Denis increases your honor from r/reddeadredemption I thought this was pretty neat since it seems like even looking at somebody wrong in Saint Denis would. Head slightly to the northeast of the shop to enter a courtyard with a tree. Attempting to kill him causes him to temporarily disappear then reapper again to shoot you. And in the RDR2 system file I changed asyncCompute Enabled from false to true. There’s an illegal poker game happening inside the gunsmith’s shop in Saint Denis. The second location is in Lemoyne, in the northeast of Bayou Nwa region, north of Saint Denis. 4K resolution, 60 fps, high graphics setting. As soon as Chapter 4 opens, Dutch wants you to find Jack. Let Charles and Bill go ahead of the convoy in the carriages. Can't load into chapter 5? I do the mission Banking, the Old American Art, (Robbing Saint Denis Bank) and after the mission in the cut scene on the boat, it finishes and then goes to a black loading screen with the little revolver thingy on the bottom right, and it spins non stop. Born in roughly 1844, Hosea states that he was "raised in the mountains" during his early years. 1 3. ago. SuckMyDickJIl. 1 Mission Walkthrough; 2. This locks the stable allowing you to get off inside and be free to do whatever. Accompanying this is proper animations for any kind of transaction. FTFY. Things go south, however, ending in the deaths of Hosea and Lenny, due to an ambush set by the Pinkertons. You have to do 3-4 missions before you get to the actual heist. Saint-Denis Is A 19 th Century New Orleans If players have ever been to New Orleans, then they were probably shocked at the similarities between the modern-day city and RDR2 ’s Saint-Denis. Legendary Fish 0. Commit a crime near it and then hide there. The thing is, he said that they picked him up AFTER Guarma, so if he was with the pinkertons that’d habe to be a lie. While Van der Linde makes plenty of costly decisions during Red Dead Redemption 2, one in particular stands out as his worst. By: Matt Gibbs Updated: January 9, 2023. Best. Get in the Stagecoach /Drive to the Bank To begin the Banks Don't Rob Themselves. there are a few fps drops/microfreezes but they arent annoying and only occur in saint denis, Overall this mod is a lifesaver and changes the experience of the game . X. Having to walk up to the bank, speak to the teller, and hand the money over after a profitable haul. Subscribe to our history channel, Decades: the Saint Denis bank robbery wasn't the result of a rat (for anyone still confused) r/reddeadredemption. INSTALLATION: – Install Alexander Blade’s Script Hook RDR2. Dutch explains that once they get enough money, he plans to have the gang go to either Australia or Tahiti for a. Saint Denis because of how many stores there is to rob, most civilians in the town centre have more money to rob from, and it's slightly more difficult to escape the cops. In Chapter 2 she just wants to get back at John. HOW TO USE: Simply enter any of the supported banks and aim your weapon at the teller. #rdr2 #reddeadredemption #arthurmorganI noticed that of all of the Van Der Linde Gang members who were in the bank at Saint Denis during the robbery, Micah is the only one who is wearing a bright/white suit while the rest are wearing dark & black suits. On my second play through and i've begun crashing when in Saint Denis. Rob Banks With Mods. It is the third entry in the Red Dead series and a prequel to 2010's Red Dead Redemption and was released on October 26th, 2018 on PlayStation 4, Xbox One and on November 5th, 2019. kiya_vass •. It could be part of Dutch’s plan to be in plain sight that goes terribly wrong and many people die. It is an endless loop. Join. Today, we will be exploring the underside to Saint Denis' high society. Our Best Selves is a mission in Red Dead Redemption 2. Don’t think she ratted out the St Denis bank robbery. Have a good day, everyone! Sort by: Longhaired dude in a red jacket, muttonchops. While riding around in Saint Denis, Arthur Morgan has a violent coughing fit and soon becomes unconscious. After talking to Dutch through the door, Milton shoots and kills Hosea, placing the blame on Dutch's feet. Go to RDR2 r/RDR2. In order to fund their escape overseas and retirement from the life of crime, the gang. 4. His family's life had been hard even before he was born; his mother was born in a cotton field and immediately confiscated by the overseer from her own mother. Both John jobs with no Micah around to snitch them out. Expect to be wanted by the law. Denis fence shelf that blocked the entrance to the basement; Deleted the door of a tower in Guarma to make it accessible Might be worth trying the below solutions, these actually worked for me, I changed the settings just a few mins ago: In Nvidia control panel I changed virtual reality pre-rendered frames to: Use 3D application setting. 'Red Dead Redemption' and the 'Red Dead. UPDATED Saint Denis all advanced rooftop access points map! Credit to Matanque on YT and Exzumi for help. Country Pursuits is a mission in Red Dead Redemption 2. Jul 18, 2021 @ 1:55am. The location is east of Braithwaite Manor, southwest of the city Saint Denis,. (Late-game spoilers) Laevant 5 years ago #1. Things go wrong and two members of the gang, Hosea Matthews and Lenny Summers, are killed. While I think Micah was working against the gang to his own ends most of the game, he wasn't the Saint Denis rat. I have a 1080 and a ryzen 1700 at 3. While robbing the bank in St. I have since edited his and labelled the road north of the house that hooks onto the end ot Milyonne Ave as Flavian St cause that one has no signage and there's not a single sign that says Flavian Street anywhere. I think for a massive studio whose games are supposed to have mass appeal, they designed the map perfectly. There are 2 Bank Robberies that occur in Saint Denis. Doyle’s Tavern, cemetery, various back alleys. And the bigger the towns the harder the getaways and the bigger the prize. Le Tresor Des Morts is an extra mission in Red Dead Redemption 2 that's only available to those who pre-ordered the Special or Ultimate Editions of the game,. Trying to scope out the Saint Denis bank in the post game, just out of curiosity, and I've been running around town like a moron completely unable to find it. Related Topics Red Dead Redemption Red Dead Open world Action-adventure game Third-person shooter Gaming Shooter game comments sorted by Best. A Train Robbery in Red Dead Redemption 2 is similar to coach robberies. Where to Find Vampire Clue 2. Been there many times, I use it to ambush the St. The hardest one, but also the one which pays the most money, is Armadillo. But they were able to survive a bit longer after it, the Saint denis back Robbery took the gang More down the spiral or bad, and officially drove Dutch to go insane. Norris Forsythe is a supporter and promoter of Eugenics. Prerequisite: None. The Reconstruction era has only ended ~22 years ago, and the once dominating agricultural economy of the South is in shambles. IRL Saint Denis would be a hamlet but it really feels like a city because it looks like a city and plays like one. I think a canoe may also spawn by the dock area behind Caliga Hall. true. Here you can find the Trapper for special hunting items and one of three Fences. Go to RDR2 r/RDR2 • by ThisNameWontBeTaken0. People in RDR2 are a bunch of wusses though tbf. 137. Valentine and Saint Denis are my favourite spots. Leonard "Lenny" Summers is a major character featured in Red Dead Redemption 2. It wasn't really bad luck, so much as just bad planning, and bad thinking. The train robbery was a bad idea, “helping” the rains falls was a bad idea, st denis bank/trolley station was a bad idea. Charles Smith is a major character featured in Red Dead Redemption 2. Interactive Map of all RDR2 Locations. Clay, Dewey, Rose, Woody, and Sheriff Palmer. This is the best RDR2. When the Civil War. But I disagree and I will say why. Saint Denis is a large city in Bayou NWA in the state of Lemoyne that contains a Trapper location, a Fence and other useful shops. As the price on their heads continues to grow, so does the struggle to remain free. #rdr2 #reddeadredemption #arthurmorganHow to rob a bank. In Chapter 4 of Red Dead Redemption 2, you'll visit your first big town - Saint Denis. I've verified game files, and that didn't help. Superjaybo64 · 8/11/2021. I saw a big door that looked like one of the safes in Valentine's bank so I put so dynamite on it and when it went off nothing happened : ( can someone explain what went wrong? 3. Reply reply. #rdr2 #reddeadredemption #arthurmorganDutch lowkey saved John. A popular theory in the Red Dead Redemption 2 community is that Dutch van der Linde’s instability and madness worsened severely after the trolley crash in Saint Denis. Hunting Requests are counted as collectibles, and require players to obtain perfect animal carcasses. The town plays host to a busy railway station on the west side of town. Rode too fast in Saint Denis again. She's never confronted about this, despite Dutch pointing it out in Guarma. Must Be Dishonorable To Trigger The Mission. A few missions into the epilogue, John does inherit all of Arthur’s outfits and weapons. Troisième ville rencontrée en suivant le scénario de Red Dead Redemption 2, Saint Denis est située à l'est de l'État de Lemoyne dont elle est la capitale : il s'agit par. When I played RDR2 I fully understood why John was apprehensive about killing Dutch purely because of how charismatic and. Banks can also be found in most major towns and cities. But I think that is where her betrayals ended. Dreamcatcher 0. In my personal opinion, it was Infact Hosea, who tipped off the pinkertons. Dutch, Arthur, and Lenny want to rob it. Algie tells. Everything seemed lost. Red Dead Redemption Red Dead Open world Action-adventure game Third-person shooter Gaming Shooter game. Once you’ve reached a certain point in Chapter 4, Charles will task you with a bank robbery mission. Spoiler. If the player chooses to approach him, they can. Go to the back of his store and you’ll see a locked metal door. In an attempt to find a way to escape, Lenny is unceremoniously shot right in front of Arthur. You have to go to the one at the northeast side (as there are two saloons). Reddit community for discussing and sharing content relating to Red Dead Redemption…Go to RDR2 r/RDR2 • by. Denis police. The blackwater massacre took the gang down spiral of bad, leading to the events of rdr2. RDR2 definitely has subtext that critiques American life. A marked screenshot of your map or just directions in relation to one of the marked venues would be a giant help! Red Dead Redemption 2 Guide Maps Banking, the Old American Art By Angie Harvey , Casey DeFreitas , Max Roberts , +1. Saint Denis chapter [] Strauss asks Arthur to collect money from a fisherman named Algie Davison. Red Dead Redemption 2 (stylized as Red Dead Redemption II) is a western-themed action-adventure video game developed and published by Rockstar Games. . INSTALLATION: - Install Alexander Blade's Script Hook RDR2. Law Enforcement by Town [] Saint Denis [] Saint Denis is one of two settlements in the game that has a uniformed police force; the Saint Denis Police Department. How to unlock: After "Horsemen, Apocalypse". Reply reply vegbq • Met the thief for a second time, I followed him into the ally shot two of them, instant bounty and they only had 2 fucking dollars, I wonder if u. 2. Hilariously, I kidnapped the main guy and tried to bring him out of town. One edition of each. 1. You then need to calm and chase the horse down if you like it. – Place “BankRobbery. (empty lol) Clemen's Point Mount Hagen's Top. Copy the first SRDR file into your account. See the location and options below. - Place "BankRobbery. Train Robbery. Arthur basically says "hey i knew that guy!" Reply Synthfreak1224. The church is. Denis Cathedral. Red Dead Redemption 2 Where is Hotel in Saint DenisThanks for watchingSubscribe for moreLemoyne is one of the five American states in Red Dead Redemption 2. Your first Rifle, the Springfield, will kill everything in the game with one headshot - except for a few Legendary animals. 1. 2. Exotic 0. Charles was always mentioned of being an active member of the gang, as u can see in the various newspapers in RdR2, while Sadie even participating in some gang robberies was never called up in anything, which is wierd but whatever. Saint Denis is one of the biggest towns within the game. - Saint Denis Bank. It is also home to the most civilized settlement in the game series, Saint Denis. Hi everyone I am currently on my second playthrough and every time I play the saint denis bank robbery mission I get to the boat, then Micah sees a cloud and goes I ain’t no sailor but blah blah blah I am a stupid rat with a big greasy guy that everyone hates. There should be bank robberies everywhere Over the map. Her lifeless body flopped onto the ground after Arthur's strong grip took the life out of her. 110. . Where is Saint Denis rdr2 in real-life? Saint Denis is based on the real - world city of New Orleans, Louisiana. Endless Loading Screen After Cutscene on PC. $19. #4. Instant $200 bounty and the St. Barnes is a physician and a surgeon that practices medicine in Saint Denis, running a clinic. INSTALLATION: - Install Alexander Blade's Script Hook RDR2. So couple of days ago I did the Saint Denis Robbery Tip for the gunsmith. This makes sense if Micah was a rat the whole time because he planned the ferry job but wouldn’t have had as much info on the St. 1 983 255 vues. Gloves: Riding Gloves - color isn't available, should be black. Me doing the new low honor missions. Red Dead 2 Saint Denis Gunsmith Side Business. It is the final mission of Chapter 4. I decided to free him to try to re-lasso him and deag him from my horse- this was outside of town- of course the damn st denis police miraculously showed up and screwed everything up. I returned a few times and patrolled the backstreets looking for the muggers but never found them. Dominoes is a minigame in Red Dead Redemption 2 (RDR2). PLACE IN/INSTALL: C:Users<name>DocumentsRockstar GamesRed Dead Redemption 2Profiles. The bank is a two story building with a large, decorated interior lobby.